It is a process derived from the geographical surveying discipline such as 3D digital photogrammetry, born from the paper-based photogrammetry developed in previous centuries.

Current georeferencing is defined as a process that allows us to know with great accuracy the positioning and spatial distribution of different elements that make up the terrain, biotic and anthropic; for this purpose, spherical measurements are used according to the volume of the earth’s surface in latitude and longitude values, assigning values to the different points of the surface, these are called geographic coordinates.

Georeferencing is used as one of the main tools of (GIS) Geographic information where the projection of spaces referring to areas and surfaces expressed in datum. provide a 2D plane of great accuracy suitable for mapping and topography, operating with pixel map elements as well as images or vector objects such as polylines, vectors or polygons.

We can find different types of coordinates such as:

Latitude-longitude are measured in degrees because they are spherical measurements, they are known as the geographical coordinates, the latitude is developed from the equator and can be framed within (North-South); while the longitude variable is developed in the trace from the Greenwich meridian and can be framed within (East- West); both variables are measured in degrees, minutes and seconds.

Other coordinate systems may be 2D or 3D in nature, depending on the quantities they measure.

Two-dimensional or 2D coordinates are developed on a Cartesian ordinate axis and only count in Cartesian coordinates with 2D values (X,Y), where X is the horizontal value representing east and west; on the other hand Y is the vertical value representing north and south.

Three-dimensional or 3D coordinates use the variables (Z,X,Y) for the referencing of a point, since Z is the one that calculates the elevation below or above sea level in GIS projects or the ground level of our model.

Z being the altitude above or below the sea or the model itself where we want to put the ground elevation and the X and Y axis data showing the location of the object on its axis.